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Suryavarman II
Suryavarman II ((クメール語:សូរ្យវរ្ម័នទី២)), ((タミル語:சூர்யவர்மன்)) posthumously named ''Paramavishnuloka'', was a Khmer king of the Khmer Empire from 1113 AD to 1145-1150 AD and the builder of Angkor Wat, the largest religious monument in the world which he dedicated to the Hindu God Vishnu (one of the persons of Trimurti). His reign's monumental architecture, numerous military campaigns and restoration of strong government have led historians to rank Suryavarman as one of the empire's greatest kings.
==Early years==
Suryavarman appears to have grown up in a provincial estate, at a time of weakening central control in the empire. An inscription lists his father as Ksitindraditya and his mother as Narendralakshmi. As a young prince, he maneuvered for power, contending he had a legitimate claim to the throne. “At the end of his studies,” states an inscription, “he approved the desire of the royal dignity of his family.” He appears to have dealt with a rival claimant from the line of Harshavarman III, probably Nripatindravarman, which held sway in the south, then to have turned on the elderly and largely ineffectual king Dharanindravarman I, his great uncle. “Leaving on the field of combat the ocean of his armies, he delivered a terrible battle,” states an inscription. “Bounding on the head of the elephant of the enemy king, he killed him, as Garuda on the edge of a mountain would kill a serpent.”〔Briggs, "The Ancient Khmer Empire," p. 187.〕 Scholars have disagreed on whether this language refers to the death of the southern claimant or King Dharanindravarman. Suryavarman II also sent a mission to the Chola dynasty of south India and presented a precious stone to the Chola Emperor Kulothunga Chola I in 1114 CE.〔A History of India Hermann Kulke, Dietmar Rothermund: p.125〕
Suryavarman was enthroned in 1113 AD. An aged Brahmin sage named Divakarapandita oversaw the ceremonies, this being the third time the priest had officiated coronation. Inscriptions record that the new monarch studied sacred rituals, celebrated religious festivals and gave gifts to the priest such as palanquins, fans, crowns, buckets and rings. The priest embarked on a lengthy tour of temples in the empire, including the mountaintop Preah Vihear, which he provided with a golden statue of dancing Shiva.〔Higham, "The Civilization of Angkor," p. 113.〕 The king’s formal coronation took place in 1119 AD, with Divakarapandita again performing the rites.
The first two syllables in the monarch's name are a Sanskrit language root meaning "sun". ''Varman'' is the one who mastered Marmakala (Ancient defense practice) or otherwise the traditional suffix of Indian kshatriyas that is generally translated as "shield" or "protector", and was adopted by Khmer royal lineages.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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